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Showing posts with label Current Issue. Show all posts

Interview SPP perguruan Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan DG41 2017

Interview SPP perguruan Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan DG41 2017 for TESL graduates

Assalamualaikum and good day to you! 
I believe that you might be nervous or a little "panic" while reading this post in preparation for the Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan DG41 (PPP DG41)'s interview. I will be sharing with you the interview experience of mine for Teaching as a Second Language (TESL) major field of study.

Kindly be informed that this post is long and please bear with me guys in reading my knowledge sharing  I am informing you that my sharing will be in mixed topic that will come in jumbled points  I will be updating this post from time to time too, whichever I think is appropriate and needed to be edited ✌thank you

It is 12.20 p.m. , Tuesday, September 12, 2017. I am writing this blog fresh to put as much input as I can from the interview. Good luck! 

Venue of interview: SPP building, Kompleks Jabatan Perdana Menteri (JPM), Putrajaya. (Free public parking is available along Laman Perdana that is situated next to JPM and it is nearer to the gate we interviewees should head in while RM1/hr parking is situated in front of the main gate of JPM. It is advised that you arrive before 8 a.m. to avoid traffic congestions)

Interview time: 9.30 a.m. (the security officer will not let the interviewees of session 10.30 a.m. and above to get in to avoid crowds)

Interview Date: 12/09/2017 ( I received an SMS on Saturday 11: 38 p.m. from SPP stated: "RM0.00 SPP: Sukacita dimaklumkan tuan/puan adalah dimohon untuk membuat semakan panggilan temu duga dengan segera di laman web www.spp.gov.my").

Before The Interview
- Check the SPP's website for your interview invitation.
- Print out the list of document and prepare the original and endorsed copies of your certificates.
- If you had involved in numerous co-curricular activities throughout your secondary and tertiary studies, kindly only chose three to four certificates to be photocopied. I photocopied almost all my 30+ certificates and believe me, the admin said to only take out the " Sijil Penghargaan" (That time I know that there's a difference between Sijil Penyertaan and Sijil Penghargaan. Sijil Penghargaan has a higher value in the government interviews) and other most significant certifications that you have. Seems like I wasted some pennies and time there in photocopying and arranging the certs' in order.
- Kindly clip temporarily (not staple) all your copied and endorsed certs together because the "admin" will later take only the relevant documents from you.

Interview Day
Interviewers:
Dr Mas*** & Puan K***** (not real name)

I was highly touched by the one-hour-and-a-half interview session. I love the experience and knowledge sharings of the interviewers during and after the interview and I love hearing ideas and answers  from the other candidates as well because personally I am regarding this interview as a "knowledge sharing" session. 

There were eight interviewees from different universities. In my readings from the other blogs, the maximum interviewees were five candidates. I was the only one who was wearing baju kurung without a blazer and nametag due to unforeseen circumstances (maybe my marks will not be that good in term of personality/attire).

Sharings from the interviewers and topics asked/ discussed.
Code switching between English and Malay during the interview; if you were asked in Malay, kindly answer in Malay and vice versa.
If you were to become a teacher, please:
- focus on polishing each and every student to become an established person in their own unique personalities, not educating in mass.
- be a teacher who is always in progress; who makes a difference. One of the interviewers shared that when you're in service for quite some time, you will feel 'boring' and to avoid that, take courses to improve ourselves personally and professionally. Holidays and working are different (please remember not to focus too much on going holidays overseas. It can be good to release your stress after much works. However, if we can be a teacher who thinks about our students, we can make use the money we have to make small 'sacrifices' to help students): teachers should focus more on students. Sacrifices and passion to teach will mold students' personalities and it will make a difference. (I almost cried during this sharing session of the interviewers' experience as teachers - how sacrifices of teachers help students not only academically but personally as well. The seeds that receive nurturing of ample soil(environment), watering, lights and fertilizers will grow to give back to society by giving out oxygen and fruits/flowers.. well I might exaggerate a little in this gardening part 😆😂.
- How do we know that our Lesson Outcomes (LOs ) are achieved? One of the tips is to ask the low proficiency learners before we end of class.
- What is PPP DG41
- Probation teacher :  issues (stealing, drug abuse & sexual harassment) , how long in probation, what to do in probation : focus on students, motivation, passionate, good attitude, humble, learn from the senior teachers
- ICT usage among Z generation : what are the advantages and disadvantages, how do we make use of the ICT to utilise it in lessons.
-  What uniform unit you want to choose in school?
- What club or society you want to choose?
- There were some application questions of pedagogy. Example of question: You teach 2 Bestari class. There are low proficiency students and high proficiency students- they can't get along and it affects the group work tasks. What would you do?
- Use imagination to teach, creativity. Imagination is free.
In overall, no specific facts (e.g.: list all the national education blueprints) or specific general knowledge were asked. At times we laughed in the interview session too when the interviewer(s) made funny statements. I startled a lot because I couldn't contain my nervousness. My bad
⛄⛄⛄...to be continued

**Update: 14 November 2019, Thursday.

#by tonight before 5.30am tmrw morning need to finish mark 40 papers, the day after tmrw will need to come early to school as that Saturday will be our 'Canteen Day' and as PIC of a stall need to prepare the stall, the next day Sunday need to manage the school Teacher's club family day event, then next week need to again, mark the exam papers of five classes, to finish marking the other exam's marking as well,  invigilate the SPM at other school, need to finish strategic planning,operational and tactical plan for curriculum and HEM unit for 2020, relook at lesson plans, check students' APDM info for next year's data as a homeroom teacher so that some students can get scholarship for parents earning below some numbers, end of year meeting on the last day of school (but then, still have responsibility of invigilating the SPM,so no holiday yet for me until maybe end of November 2019#  these are things a teacher needs  to do #expect a stressful and busy lifestyle when you are a teacher. However, this is for building the nation's assets - STUDENTS 殺❤️ or I personally like to call them little caliphs ☺️爐


Alhamdulillah I passed the interview and got posted to Sabah. Although, my first choice of placement was Putrajaya and second was Kuala Lumpur. My rizqi is in Sabah. It was my first time in Sabah when I first touched the footsteps in KKIA. I've never been here and my first footstep in Sabah is as a teacher. There were no 'warrant' or assemblement of the new teachers from the Peninsular. I went to Sabah with personal financing. On Sunday arrived in Kota Kinabalu. My mother and I met with her schoolmate and resided in Menggatal for one night. The next day we went to SPI first to meet with Ustaz K and afterwards alhamdulillah my mom's friend said that she'd send us to the school with her husband.   
I'm currently teaching in an SMKA. My reporting day was 5 February 2018. I went for Program Transformasi Minda (PTM) in July 2019 and still waiting whether I'll be confirmed to the position of DG41. According to an administrator of my school,  before 5 February 2021 I should check the progress of my confirmation. May all affairs end with goodness amin.. my mother always pray that I'll get the confirmation ☺️

 May all our affairs end with goodness and I wish a very good luck to all future teachers, especially TESL graduates. Now we are CEFR and PAK21 oriented, so make use of PAK21 in microteaching while in university (eg: traffic light, gallery walk, talking chips etc.). Mastering the PAK21 before the actual teaching in school helps a lot in our classroom management.

Alright, until then. Thanks for reading my humble,small experience as a new teacher. Good luck for all our future endeavours. May all teachers be blessed for all the sacrifices and toils. 爐 Assalamualaikum.

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Kempen #shoppingraya2017 ProjekIqra.com

Mohon viralkan :

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Program dirancang utk dilaksanakan seawal minggu kedua bulan Ramadhan tahun ini (+/- 60 hari lebih lagi untuk itu)

Penerima manfaat : 290 anak anak yatim, asnaf dan 120 keluarga asnaf

* (210 pelajar kelas rakyat termasuk dalam senarai penerima manfaat)

Tajaan /sumbangan : apa jua jumlah sumbangan dialu alukan

Baca / taja disini : http://bitly.com/shoppingraya2017

Alternatif utk tajaan boleh disalurkan ke :-

DIRECT TRANSFER ke : -

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Nama : Persatuan Kebajikan Projek IQRA' SeMalaysia

Email : info@projekiqra.com

untuk maklumat lanjut, hubungi kami :-

1. Solleh - 017 670 2033

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Bagi tujuan pengeluaran resit / audit / mohon sertakan maklumat seperti :-

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dan emailkan ke suhaimi@projekiqra.com

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DAKWAH DALAM MASYARAKAT MAJMUK [DDMM] MEGA 2017

DAKWAH DALAM MASYARAKAT MAJMUK [DDMM] MEGA!! JULUNG-JULUNG KALI MENEMUI ANDA!!! 😘

Perkongsian ilmu, kemahiran dan pengalaman dakwah daripada penceramah yang berpengalaman..

👤Kamaruddin Abdullah (Islamic Propagation Society International - IPSI)
👤Nicholas Sylvester (Hidayah Centre Foundation - HCF)
👤Lim Jooi Soon (Interactive Dakwah Training - IDT)
👤Firdaus Wong Wai Hung (Multiracial Reverted Muslim - MRM)
👤Muhammad Fitri Abdullah (Pertubuhan Kebajikan Islam Malaysia - PERKIM)

Antara kupasan menarik...
⏳ Dakwah: Kewajipan atau Pilihan?
💻 Memahami Kepelbagaian Bangsa dan Budaya di Malaysia
📗 Bukti-bukti Kebenaran Al-Quran
😇 Salah Tanggapan Tentang Islam
📚 Dan pelbagai lagi ilmu yang amat berguna..

🏢 Tempat: Main Auditorium, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Gombak
🗓 Tarikh : 22 April 2017 (Sabtu)
⏰ Masa : 8.00 pagi - 6.00 petang

Yuran:
💵 RM70.00 (bekerja), early bird RM50.00 (daftar sebelum 31 Mac 2017)
💵 RM50.00 (pelajar), early bird RM30.00 (daftar sebelum 31 Mac 2017)

Daftar segera di:
https://islamicevents.my/event/DDMMMega

Sebarang pertanyaan, hubungi
☎ Reza (03-41089669 / 01113230651)
☎ Wan Muhammad (0126615745)
📩 ddmm.mega@gmail.com

Dibawakan khas untuk anda oleh Hidayah Centre Foundation dan Quranic Youth Club (QYC) UIAM

"Come & join us sharing islam with the world"
======
BERITA TERKINI - Shah Kirit Kakulal Govindji dan Prof. Dr. Harlina Halizah Siraj akan turut serta dalam DDMM Mega 2017!!!

Turut membariskan penceramah hebat yang lain. *22 April 2017*.
👉🏻 Daftar di https://islamicevents.my/event/DDMMMega

Ayuh jangan terlambat. Daftar berkumpulan untuk mendapatkan pemotongan yuran spt berikut :

👩‍🎓👨🏼‍🎓 *Pelajar*
RM30 x 10 org = RM300
RM35 x 5 org = RM175
RM50 x 1 org = RM50

👩‍💻👨🏽‍💻 *Bekerja*
RM50 x 10 org = RM500
RM55 x 5 orang = RM275
RM70 x 1 org = RM70

🤷🏻‍♂Sebarang Pertanyaan :

🙋🏻‍♂Reza 0111-3230651@ 03-41089669

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PESTA KERJAYA 2017 (CP17)*Universiti Malaya*

*PESTA KERJAYA 2017 (CP17)*
*Universiti Malaya*

🗒 Tarikh: 12-13 April 2017
🏢 Tempat: Dewan Tunku Canselor, Universiti Malaya
⏰ Masa: 9.00 pagi - 5.00 petang

SENARAI MAJIKAN/SYARIKAT SERTAI SEPERTI BERIKUT:

1. Tenaga Nasional Berhad
2. Robert Bosch Sdn Bhd
3. Hong Leong Manufacturing Group
4. Gamuda Berhad
5. Nippon Paint (M) Sdn Bhd
6. Huawei Technologies (M) Sdn Bhd
7. Top Glove Sdn Bhd
8. Public Bank
9. ON Semiconductor Malaysia Sdn Bhd
10. Telekom Malaysia Berhad
11. Daikin Malaysia Sdn Bhd
12. UEM Group Berhad
13. IPSOS Sdn Bhd
14. Micron Semiconductor Malaysia Sdn Bhd
15. Juris Technologies Sdn Bhd
16. TFM Foundation
17. Hartalega Sdn Bhd
18. Syarikat Pembenaan Yeoh Tiong Lay Sdn Bhd
19. Pricewaterhousecoopers Associates Sdn Bhd
20. Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat
21. Kossan Rubber Industries Bhd
22. Prudential Assurance (M) Bhd
23. Coca Cola Bottlers Malaysia
24. ICAEW Malaysia Limited
25. Capital Dynamics Sdn Bhd
26. Ramco Systems Sdn Bhd
27. Materialise Sdn Bhd
28. Pembinaan Mitrajaya Berhad
29. Public Mutual Berhad
30. OSK Holdings Berhad
31. Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
32. Toyota Tsusho (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
33. CP Ardent Advisory Sdn Bhd
34. CIMB Bank Berhad
35. Citibank Berhad
36. Honda Malaysia Sdn Bhd
37. Cheng & Co
38. Berjaya Corporation Berhad
39. R.E.A.L Education Group Sdn Bhd
40. Panasonic Group Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
41. Ernst & Young Advisory Services Sdn Bhd
42. United Overseas Bank (Malaysia) Berhad
43. Lotte Chemical Titan (M) Sdn Bhd
44. Amkor Technology Malaysia Sdn Bhd
45. Plexus Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
46. JobsMalaysia
47. SWM Environment Sdn Bhd
48. Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn Bhd
49. Schlumberger
50. Astro Group Services Sdn Bhd
51. Malayan Flour Mills Berhad
52. Pharmaniaga Berhad
53. Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad
54. Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam (SPA)
55. Graduan
56. GTI

Kepada mahasiswa/i atau alumni yang ingin mencari peluang pekerjaan bolehlah hadir dan bawa resume anda bersama.

Sekian terima kasih.
====================
👆War2kan kpd semua

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MEMBINA KEJAYAAN DENGAN CEPAT & BERKUALITI


Sebenarnyer kita boleh jimat masa, bertahun2 kerja kuat malah beribu-ribu jam dan minit, jika kita memahami cara untuk mempercepatkan & “shortcut”kan perjalanan membina kejayaan.
Semalam ada yang bertanya kepada saya tentang ,
"Apakah perkara paling penting yang diperlukan untuk membina kejayaan perniagaan dengan cepat? “
FOKUS. FOKUS FOKUS…!!
Inilah perkara paling penting dan sangat diperlukan untuk berjaya in our fast moving world today. Jika kita boleh fokus kita boleh berjaya dan jika tidak fokus kita tidak berjaya..
Jika anda bertanya kepada BILL GATES sekalipun..jawapannya adalah sama.. FOKUS! … cer tanya dier.. heheh…
Selingan sekejap...
Ada satu artikle yang saya baca, ader 2 komponen yg boleh cepat berjaya..iaitu.. FOKUS & GAGAL CEPAT!.. Heheh..GAGAL?…. Yer gagal.., bila gagal kita perlu cepat2 belajar. ( bak kata dr azizan.. jangan main biola )
Saya mula berfikir.. ya saya akui ramai usahawan-usahawan hebat masa kini yg saya kenal.. pernah gagal berkali-kali sebelum berjaya di puncak.! saya sendiri pernah gagal & belajar dari kegagalan. So kesimpulannya.. LAGI CEPAT KITA GAGAL & BELAJAR… LAGI CEPAT KITA BERJAYA…. sapa yang takut gagal jangan berimpian besar… smile emoticon
Kembali pada TOPIK FOKUS…
Ramai orang tahu fokus.. tapi ramai orang tak buat!. sebb? tak mampu buat kerana takut nak buat?! jadi ramai orang mula buat macam2 & tidak fokus…
CONTOH SITUASI
+ Fokus pada 1 perniagaan sehingga berjaya. Dah berjaya & perniagaan boleh bergerak sendiri baru invest dalam perniagaan lain. Ramai yang banyak perniagaan tapi akhirnya tiada komitment dan satu2 tutup..
+ Fokus 1 produk… kembangkan dalam medium yang berbeza. Fokus sehingga pakar pada produk yang kita ada.. setiap produk mempunyai ilmu berbeza..bayangkan kita mempunyai banyak produk dengan pelbagai ilmu kemudian target market pula berbeza… bagaimana kelam kabut situasi ini?
+ FOKUS MARKETING UTAMA.. masa sy hadiri seminar dr azizan, doc ada bagi 200 list marketing.. tapi saya fokus 1 marketing sehingga sekarang.. & saya polish ilmu marketing yang saya gunakan sehingga pakar.. saya baca n cari ilmu tentang marketing yang saya pilih & pergi menuntut… kemudian kembangkan dalam marketing berbeza sebagai bonus.
+ Bila bekerja.. saya biasanya akan buka 1 browser dan fokus sebelum buka browser2 lain.. contohnya.. bila menulis ilmu ini saya akan fokus kepada penulisan. baru saya akan buka kerja2 lain seperti adobe, sebb saya tahu jika saya buat banyak benda dalam 1 masa.. penulisan ini tidak akan siap kerana ia mengambil masa 1 jam. walaupun hp saya mula “ berbunyi2..!”hehehe..
+ Saya pernah meilhat seorang staff yang suka menanguh kerja nya… bila saya teliti orangnya.. suka buat banyak kejer dalm 1 masa… kalo beri satu kejer sampai ke petang baru siap.. belum siap kejer..mula tgk fb, kemudian blog , kemudian fon.. kemudian berbual…akhirnya banyak kejer ditangguh ke hari esok… jika dier buat perniagaan maka perniagaan nya boleh berjaya 1 tahun boleh jadi 5 tahun. Hilang fokus.!
Kesimpulannya…nak cepat berjaya dari 5 tahun ke 1 tahun, dari 5 jam ke 1 jam dan dari 5 minit ke 1 minit.... jawapannya FOKUS...!
in English...FOCUS BERMAKSUD
F : FOCUS
O : ONE
C : COURSE
U : UNTIL
S : SUCCESS
cer tanya diri sendiri.. aku ni cukup fokus ker?
p/s : Insyaalah.. selepas ini saya akan sharedkan apakah value + kerja yang paling berharga yang dibayar lebih di dalam dunia..
TOGETHER WE ARE ONE
WE ARE RICH & SUCCESSFUL

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CARA BUAT PERANGKAP NYAMUK MUDAH DAN MURAH// DIY HOMEMADE MOSQUITO TRAP (自制捕蚊器):~Dominasi Pertamaku // My First Domination~

Mosquitoes are everywhere nowadays (they are rampant that it's hard to sleep at night in my residential area in Putrajaya) and in this article on ~Dominasi Pertamaku // My First Domination~ blog, I will be sharing with you how to make mosquito trap using simple ingredients that we can find in our home. Below the sharing of making the cheap and easy-to-make mosquito trap, there will be an interesting and educational article about mosquitoes, shall you want to spend your time on reading. Enjoy.  :)
Scroll below for full description in Chinese. 
Sekarang ni di Putrajaya memang banyak nyamuk. Geram nk tidur malam-malam susah. Dah macam gambar Jong Kookie (Running Man) kat bawah ni dah haha.

 Kementerian Kesihatan pun mengarahkan Klinik Kesihatan teruskan operasi sehingga jam 11 malam (bukan Putrajaya je, di sekitar kawasan KL dan Selangor juga). Nyamuk cukup mengganggu dan sangat berbahaya sebagai penyebar pelbagai penyakit (terutamanya demam denggi). Racun pembunuh serangga di pasaran kurang efisien dan bahkan membawa kesan sampingan yang serius.


Berikut ini cara yang MUDAH dan MURAH yang boleh anda mencubanya. (Cara buat di bawah video). Di bawah juga ada informasi tentang nyamuk. :)



Bahan yang diperlukan adalah :
- 200 ml air
- 50 gram gula merah
- 1 gram ragi/ yis (yeast)
- Botol plastik 1.5 liter

Langkah-langkah:







1. Potong botol plastik di tengah. Simpan bahagian atas/ mulut botol.




2. Campurkan gula merah dengan air panas. Biarkan hingga sejuk dan kemudian tuangkan di bahagian bawah botol yang telah dipotong itu.




3. Campurkan ragi/yis. Tak perlu digaul. Ini akan menghasilkan karbon dioksida.






4. Pasang/ masukkan potongan bahagian botol atas dengan posisi terbalik seperti corong.




5. Balutkan botol dengan sesuatu yang hitam, kecuali dibahagian atas dan letakkannya di beberapa sudut di rumah anda.


Dalam masa dua minggu, insya-Allah anda akan dapat melihat banyaknya jumlah nyamuk yang sudah mati di dalam botol.

Click for larger image.
Selamat mencuba!




Article below is from Howstuffworks:
Freudenrich, Ph.D., Craig.  "How Mosquitoes Work"  05 July 2001.  HowStuffWorks.com.  08 February 2014.

Mosquito

Let's say it's summer time. You're out in your backyard enjoying thesun and grilling your dinner. Ouch! You look down at your arm and see a painful, swelling mosquito bite. Moments later, you feel another one bite you. What are these pesky insects? Why do they bite? Do they carry diseases? What can you do to protect yourself
In this article, we'll take a close-up look at mosquitoes -- how they breed, how they bite, what diseases they carry and what you can do to control them.

Up Close

Mosquitoes are insects that have been around for more than 30 million years. And it seems that, during those millions of years, mosquitoes have been honing their skills so that they are now experts at finding people to bite. Mosquitoes have a battery of sensors designed to track their prey, including:
  • Chemical sensors - mosquitoes can sense carbon dioxide and lactic acid up to 100 feet (36 meters) away. Mammals and birds gives off these gases as part of their normal breathing. Certain chemicals in sweat also seem to attract mosquitoes (people who don't sweat much don't get nearly as many mosquito bites).
  • Visual sensors - if you are wearing clothing that contrasts with the background, and especially if you move while wearing that clothing, mosquitoes can see you and zero in on you. It's a good bet that anything moving is "alive", and therefore full of blood, so this is a good strategy.
  • Heat sensors - Mosquitoes can detect heat, so they can find warm-blooded mammals and birds very easily once they get close enough.
Something with this many sensors sounds more like a military aircraft than an insect. That's why mosquitoes are so good at finding and biting you. As we'll see later, one of the only ways to stop mosquitoes from finding you is to confuse their chemical receptors with something like DEET.
Like all insects, adult mosquitoes have three basic body parts:
  • Head - This is where all the sensors are, along with the biting apparatus. The head has two compound eyes, antennae to sense chemicals and the mouth parts called the palpus and the proboscis (only females h­ave the proboscis, for biting).
  • Thorax - This segment is where the two wings and six legs attach. It contains the flight muscles, compound heart, some nerve cell ganglia and ­trachioles.
  • Abdomen - This segment contains the digestive and excretory organs.
So you have a sensor package, a motor package and a fuel processing package -- a perfect design!

The parts of a mosquito



Types of Mosquitoes

There are more than 2,700 species of mosquitoes in the world, and there are 13 mosquito genera (plural for "genus") that live in the United States. Of these genera, most mosquitoes belong to three:
  • Aedes - These are sometimes called "floodwater" mosquitoes because flooding is important for their eggs to hatch. Aedesmosquitoes have abdomens with pointed tips. They include such species as the yellow-fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). They are strong fliers, capable of travelling great distances (up to 75 miles/121 km) from their breeding sites. They persistently bite mammals (especially humans), mainly at dawn and in the early evening. Their bites are painful.
  • Anopheles - These tend to breed in bodies of permanent fresh water. Anopheles mosquitoes also have abdomens with pointed tips. They include several species, such as the common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus), that can spread malaria to humans.
  • Culex - These tend to breed in quiet, standing water. Culex mosquitoes have abdomens with blunt tips. They include several species such as the northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens). They are weak fliers and tend to live for only a few weeks during the summer months. They persistently bite (preferring birds over humans) and attack at dawn or after dusk. Their bite is painful.
Some mosquitoes, such as the cattail mosquito (Coquilettidia perturbans), are becoming more prevalent pests as humans invade their habitats.
Let's examine how mosquitoes live and breed.

Life Cycle and Breeding

Like all insects, mosquitoes hatch from eggs and go through several stages in their life cycle before becoming adults. The females lay their eggs in water, and the larva and pupa stages live entirely in water. When the pupa change into adults, they leave the water and become free-flying land insects. The life cycle of a mosquito can vary from one to several weeks depending upon the species (the adult, mated females of some species can survive the winter in cool, damp places until spring, when they will lay their eggs and die.)



We’ll look at the stages of mosquito development in the next section.



Aedes aegypti larvae extend into the water and have short siphons.

Mosquito Development

Egg

All mosquitoes lay eggs in water, which can include large bodies of water, standing water (like swimming pools) or areas of collected standing water (like tree holes or gutters). Females lay their eggs on the surface of the water, except for Aedes mosquitoes, which lay their eggs above water in protected areas that eventually flood. The eggs can be laid singly or as a group that forms a floating raft of mosquito eggs (seeMosquito Life Cycle for a picture of an egg raft). Most eggs can survive the winter and hatch in the spring.

Larva

The mosquito eggs hatch into larvae or "wigglers," which live at the surface of the water and breathe through an air tube or siphon. The larvae filter organic material through their mouth parts and grow to about 0.5 to 0.75 inches (1 to 2 cm) long; as they grow, they shed their skin (molt) several times. Mosquito larvae can swim and dive down from the surface when disturbed (see Mosquito Life Cycle for a Quicktime movie of free-swimming Asian tiger mosquito larvae). The larvae live anywhere from days to several weeks depending on the water temperature and mosquito species.

Pupa

After the fourth molt, mosquito larvae change into pupae, ­or "tumblers," which live in the water anywhere from one to four days depending on the water temperature and species. The pupae float at the surface and breathe through two small tubes (trumpets). Although they do not eat, pupae are quite active (see Mosquito Life Cycle for a Quicktime movie of free-swimming Asian tiger mosquito pupae). At the end of the pupal stage, the pupae encase themselves and transform into adult mosquitoes.

Adult

Inside the pupal case, the pupa transforms into an adult. The adult uses air pressure to break the pupal case open, crawls to a protected area and rests while its external skeleton hardens, spreading its wings out to dry. Once this is complete, it can fly away and live on the land.
One of the first things that adult mosquitoes do is seek a mate, mate and then feed. Male mosquitoes have short mouth parts and feed on plant nectar. In contrast, female mosquitoes have a long proboscis that they use to bite animals and humans and feed on their blood (the blood provides proteins that the females need to lay eggs). After they feed, females lay their eggs (they need a blood meal each time they lay eggs). Females continue this cycle and live anywhere from many days to weeks (longer over the winter); males usually live only a few days after mating. The life cycles of mosquitoes vary with the species and environmental conditions.



This female Anopheles gambiae mosquito is feeding. You can see the blood swelling her abdomen.
Photo courtesy Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, photographer Jim Gathany

Mosquito Bites, Diseases and Protection

As mentioned before, only female mosquitoes bite. They are attracted by several things, including heat (infrared light), light,perspiration, body odor, lactic acid and carbon dioxide. The female lands on your skin and sticks her proboscis into you (the proboscis is very sharp and thin, so you may not feel it going in). Her saliva contains proteins (anticoagulants) that prevent your blood from clotting. She sucks your blood into her abdomen (about 5 microliters per serving for an Aedes aegypti mosquito).
If she is disturbed, she will fly away. Otherwise, she will remain until she has a full abdomen. If you were to cut the sensory nerve to her abdomen, she would keep sucking until she burst.
After she has bitten you, some saliva remains in the wound. The proteins from the saliva evoke an immune response from your body. The area swells (the bump around the bite area is called a wheal), and you itch, a response provoked by the saliva. Eventually, the swelling goes away, but the itch remains until your immune cells break down the saliva proteins.
To treat mosquito bites, you should wash them with mild soap and water. Try to avoid scratching the bite area, even though it itches. Some anti-itch medicines such as Calamine lotion or ­over-the-counter cortisone creams may relieve the itching. Typically, you do not need to seek medical attention (unless you feel dizzy or nauseated, which may indicate a severe allergic reaction to the bite).

Diseases

Mosquitoes can carry many types of diseases that are caused by bacteria, parasites or viruses. These diseases include:
  • Malaria - Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted by an Anopheles mosquito. The parasite grows in your bloodstream and can produce symptoms that develop anywhere from six to eight days to several months after infection.The symptoms include fever, chills, headachesmuscle aches and general malaise (similar to flu symptoms). Malaria is a severe disease that can be fatal, but can be treated with antimalarial drugs. Malaria is prevalent in tropical or sub-tropical climates.
  • Yellow Fever - Yellow fever no longer occurs in the United States or Europe, but it is prevalent in Africa and parts of South America. It is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Yellow fever produces symptoms similar to malaria, but also includes nausea, vomiting and jaundice. Like malaria, yellow fever can be fatal. There is no treatment for the disease itself, only the symptoms. Yellow fever can be controlled by vaccination and mosquito control.
  • Encephalitis - Encephalitis is caused by viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes ­such as the Aedesmosquitoes or Culiseta mosquitoes. The symptoms of encephalitis include high fever, stiff neck, headache, confusion and laziness/sleepiness. There are several types of encephalitis that can be transmitted by mosquitoes, including St. LouisWestern equineEastern equineLa Crosse and West NileWest Nileencephalitis is on the rise in the eastern United States, which has raised concerns about mosquito control .
  • Dengue Fever - Dengue fever is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito, which is native to East Asia and was found in the United States in 1985. It is also transmitted by Aedes aegypti in the tropics. Dengue fever is caused by a virus that produces a range of illnesses, from viral flu to hemorrhagic fever. It is especially dangerous for children (see Dengue Fever & Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever for more information).
We'll look at ways to reduce mosquito populations in the next section.



Mosquito Repellents

The best way to reduce mosquito-borne diseases is through mosquito control and personal protection. You can do a few things to reduce the number of mosquito bites that you get while enjoying the outdoors. First, wear clothing that covers most of your body, if temperatures permit. Second, use a mosquito repellent that containsNN-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) at a concentration of 7.5 percent to 100 percent. Lower concentrations are sufficient for most outdoor protection, and a 15-percent concentration is recommended for children. Avon's original Skin-So-Soft is a weak, short-lasting (less than 20 minutes) mosquito repellent, although there are newer Skin-So-Soft formulations that include EPA-recognized insect repellents.Permethrin, an effective pesticide, is for use on clothing only (Never apply it to your skin, it is aneurotoxin!). To learn more about mosquito repellents, see the EPA's How to Use Insect Repellents Safely.
Beyond mosquito repellents and clothing, you can try to control the mosquito population. Mosquitoes need water to breed and will use any source of standing water.



So, to reduce the mosquito population, eliminate sources of standing water in your yard. Empty watering cans, remove old tires and cover rain barrels.


If you have a lily pond in your garden, stock it with some fish that will eat the mosquito larvae. Some petroleum oils can be added to water to form a thin surface layer that suffocates the mosquito eggs; however, many of these oils will also suffocate any fish living in the water.
To prevent mosquitoes from entering your home, make sure that all of your window screens are intact.
Finally, there are many commercial pesticides available to kill mosquito larvae and mosquito adults. Many communities conduct large-scale spraying of pesticides containing mallothione to control mosquito populations during the spring and summer, especially in attempts to reduce the spread of West Nile encephalitis. Another option is a device like a Mosquito Magnet, which lures and traps mosquitoes.
For more information on mosquitoes and what you can do about them, see the links on the next page.


MOSQUITOES ARE IMPORTANT

The mosquito larvae and pupae are important food sources for fish in aquatic ecosystems.

Mosquito Summary

Although small in size, mosquitoes have been around for over 30 million years. They have honed their hunting skills over that time and today use chemical, visual and heat sensors to locate their prey. They use their chemical sensors to detect carbon dioxide and lactic acid from up to 100 feet away. Certain chemicals in sweat can also trigger their sensors. Their visual sensors aren't very keen, but they can see you moving if you are wearing clothing that contrasts the background. They use their heat sensors to detect warm-blooded mammals and birds in their vicinity, so they can always locate humans when they are near enough to sense body heat.
There are approximately 2,700 species of mosquitoes with the majority belonging to 3 major genera: aedes(eggs are laid in floodwater areas), anopheles (eggs are laid in permanent fresh water) and culex (eggs are laid in quiet, standing water). In terms of development, all mosquitoes start as eggs and hatch into larva or "wigglers". As larva, mosquitoes molt several times until they become pupa or "tumblers". As pupa, mosquitoes mature and become adults and begin to mate and feed. After mating, most males die within a few days, whereas the females can live for many weeks, depending on the species of mosquito and the environmental conditions present.

Top 5 Mosquito Facts

  1. Mosquito is Spanish for "little fly".
Learn more about mosquitoes.
  1. Only female mosquitoes bite. Mosquitoes are attracted to heat, light, perspiration, body odor, lactic acid and carbon dioxide.
Learn more about mosquito bites.
  1. Treat mosquito bites by washing them with soap and water. Avoid scratching the bite area by using anti-itch medicines, such as Calamine lotion.
Learn more about treating mosquito bites.
  1. There are many diseases that can be caused by a mosquito bite, including:
  • Malaria
  • Yellow Fever
  • Encephalitis
  • Dengue Fever
Learn more about diseases spread by mosquitoes.
  1. There are 3 basic things you can do to repel mosquitoes:
  • W­ear clothing that covers most of your body
  • Use a mosquito repellant that contains NN-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)
  • Eliminate sources of standing water in your area to prevent mosquitoes from breeding
Learn more about mosquito repellants

Freudenrich, Ph.D., Craig.  "How Mosquitoes Work"  05 July 2001.  HowStuffWorks.com.  08 February 2014.

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When diabetes strikes the young

Obesity is the main factor that causes diabetes among children today.

The number of diabetes cases among adolescents and children is growing. Nadia Badarudin gets some tips on its management

.DIABETES is a group of metabolic disorders caused by too much glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood. It does not discriminate and affects adults as well as teenagers and very young children. In 2010, the Ministry Of Health reported that between 2006 and 2008, 630 children and teenagers contracted diabetes, with a 6-month-old baby being the youngest patient. Of these, 80 per cent were diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes and the rest had Type 2.

TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2
According to the World Health Organisation, diabetes occurs “when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces”.
The digestive system breaks down carbohydrates into glucose or sugar, which is then turned into energy. Insulin is the hormone that regulates the process and removes excess glucose which is toxic.
Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes. Over time it leads to serious damage to many of the body systems, especially nerves and blood vessels.
Type 1 diabetes is when the body’s own system destroys the cells of the pancreas (Beta cells), thus stopping the production of insulin. The cause of Type 1, formerly known as insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes (it usually affects children under 10), is not known and it requires daily administration of insulin.
Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger, weight loss, vision changes and fatigue.
Type 2 diabetes results from the body’s inability to use insulin effectively and is the most common type in the world. Previously called non-insulin-dependent diabetes, it is mainly attributed to excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle.
Type 2 diabetes is often detected years after its onset because the symptoms (which may be similar to those of Type 1) are usually less noticeable.

OBESITY AND DIABETES
“Today, 45 per cent of new diabetes cases involves adolescents. In the past, diabetes that occurred in childhood used to be of Type 1. However, more children are diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes following rising cases of obesity,” says Columbia Asia Hospital consultant paediatrician Dr Margaret Kannimmel.
She says risk factors include being overweight, a family history of diabetes, gender and ethnicity.
“However, the single greatest factor for Type 2 diabetes in children is obesity. Among factors that contribute to obesity are unhealthy eating patterns, heavy fast food consumption and lack of physical activity. Children are spending more time on computer games and obviously this doesn’t help,” she says.
Over time, children with unmanaged diabetes can develop kidney failure, heart disease, damaged blood vessels or nerves and go blind, says Dr Margaret.
Some may die an early death due to these complications.

MANAGING CHILDREN’S DIABETES
Parents should know that their child having diabetes at a young age does not mean that he or she can’t enjoy childhood.
They can eat ice-cream or cakes (in moderation), and enjoy sports or other physical activity like normal children.
Instead of preventing the children from indulging, parents should focus on managing the illness — such as adjusting insulin dosage or food intake — to suit the child’s activities.
“Children, especially teenagers, may have a difficult time adjusting to their illness. They may become rebellious, especially when they hit puberty.
“It’s important for the family to understand the illness and talk to the child on how to best cope with it.
“It’s also important to work closely with the paediatrician, dietitian and other health care providers as well as teachers to help him or her cope with the illness,” says Dr Margaret.
Controlling the child’s fat and sugar intake and monitoring his growth or body mass index (BMI) during visits to the paediatrician is an important part of managing diabetes.
“Make sure that your child gets at least 30 minutes of physical activity every day to maintain a normal weight and blood sugar level. Encourage the whole family to participate and cut down the time spent watching TV or playing computer games,” says Dr Margaret.
There is no need to put the child on a special diet. A healthy, balanced meal will benefit the whole family.
“Make lifestyle changes gradually. Set small steps in achieving goals that can help your child reach an ideal body weight, and reward him appropriately,” she adds.
IT RUNS IN THE FAMILY
MAISARAH Ahmad*, a 36-year-old IT executive, is the eldest of four siblings. Both her parents are diabetics. Her 62-year-old mother had her left leg amputated due to the disease and her three brothers — Zikri*, Azhar* and Naufal* — were diagnosed with diabetes at a young age.
Azhar was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes when he was 8 while Zikri and Naufal were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in their early 20s.
Azhar and Zikri died of diabetes complications in 2006 and 2012 respectively.
“I still remember how hard it was to face reality. I still recall those heart-breaking moments when little Azhar passed out or had seizures while playing due to hypoglycaemia,” says Maisarah.
Managing the disease was a major challenge when the brothers were in their teens.
“They refused to watch their diet or inject insulin especially when they were with their friends because they didn’t want them to know of their illness,” says Maisarah.
“They were rebellious because they didn’t want to be treated differently. They just wanted to lead a normal life,” she says.
“I wish I can make people empathise with youngsters living with diabetes so that they can cope better and live their lives more positively.”
(*Not their real names)
TIPS FOR TEACHERS
Every child with diabetes may have different symptoms of low blood sugar, insulin dependency, food intake, exercise, illness or stress. Remember that the child must eat whenever he feels low on blood sugar. Never leave him alone when he is in such a condition.

Pay close attention to your student’s regular snack time. Find creative ways to remind him of his snack time without drawing unnecessary attention from other students.

Always carry snacks such as crackers or sweets whenever you and your diabetic student leave the classroom or school ground. This is especially important during field trips, fire drills, special presentations or assemblies.

When blood sugar is high, the natural response is to eliminate the extra glucose by urinating. Let the child know that it is okay to go to the bathroom whenever necessary.

Never label a student with diabetes as diabetic. The child needs understanding, acceptance, support and patience, not sympathy.

Source: www.diabetes.org
TIPS FOR PARENTS

Diet
A healthy meal plan for a child with diabetes shouldn’t be different from the rest of the family. Keep in mind that food choices can help prevent or delay side effects of diabetes such as high blood pressure or heart and kidney diseases.

The diet should help prevent or treat very low blood sugar, especially when your child exercises, plays games or falls sick. Prepare extra snacks, or let him bring some sweets to school in case he runs low on blood sugar.

For a child with Type 1 diabetes, the meal plan should help keep his blood sugar level as near as normal as possible. The food should be prepared consistently so that he eats when the insulin is working the hardest.
For a child with Type 2 diabetes, the food should help control his blood sugar level, as well as maintain better blood fat level, normal blood pressure and a healthy weight.

Plan ahead and consult your child’s health care team on how to adjust his medication dosage when he goes to birthday parties, school trips, vacations or is eating out.
Health and lifestyle
Talk to your child. Make sure he understands his condition, and teach him to recognise the warning signs and how to handle it (such as telling the teacher right away if the problem happens at school etc).

Check your child’s blood sugar level frequently and encourage physical activities to help his body use excess glucose.

Taking part in physical activities such as sports can help your child make friends, feel good, and maintain a healthy body weight. However, such activities can affect his blood sugar level especially if he is taking insulin. He needs to have his blood sugar tested before, during and after activities, and may need to adjust his insulin dosage.

Stay positive with your child. Talk about non-diabetes issues as well, such as asking him about his day at school rather than just focusing on his condition.

Talk to the teachers. Tell them about his condition and give them your contact details, in case they have concerns about your child’s health. Besides teachers, work closely with a health care team who is knowledgeable about paediatric diabetes.

Source: www.livestrong.com, www.diabetes.org.my, www.joslin.org, www.fitwatch.com & www.diabetes.ca


Read more: When diabetes strikes the young - Health - New Straits Times http://www.nst.com.my/life-times/health/when-diabetes-strikes-the-young-1.205135#ixzz2NLIJXWlW

By Nadia Badarudin |  nadia@nst.com.my 
22 January 2013| last updated at 07:40PM

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Lahad Datu: Soldier, three gunmen killed in Ops Daulat gunfight


Body of Private Mohd Hurairah Ismail, the soldier who was killed in action in Sungai Nyamuk, Lahad Datu, this morning will be brought to his kampung in Bayu Lalang, Pasir Mas, Kelantan - Defence Minister
LAHAD DATU: A soldier and three gunmen were killed in gunfights at Sungai Nyamuk near Kampung Tanjung Batu on Tuesday.
The soldier is the first casualty for the armed forces since the operation to flush out the Sulu gunmen who landed in Kampung Tanduo on Feb 12.
Eight police officers were killed in previous skirmishes with the gunmen. Armed Forces chief Tan Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin said the joint military and police forces were conducting mopping and searching operation at 7.45am on Tuesday.
"They had a gun fight with five armed men who then retreated," he told a press conference about 15km from where the shootings occurred.
Jen Zulkifeli said security forces tracked down the group and engaged in another gun fight at 10.45am.
"In the exchange of fire a soldier and three terrorists were killed," he said.
Private Mohd Hurairah Ismail was killed in a gunfight on TuesdayPrivate Mohd Hurairah Ismail was killed in a gunfight on Tuesday
In SEMPORNA, a man high on the police wanted list was among six people detained Tuesday on suspicion of having links to the Sulu terrorists from the southern Philippines, during an operation at Kampung Bangau-Bangau here.
Semporna police chief DSP Mohd Firdaus Francis Abdullah said VAT 69 commandos and General Operations Force (GOF) personnel raided a house in the village where the suspects were said to have been hiding.
"We conducted a raid at 6am after receiving a tip-off. We will question them to find out whether they are terrorists," he said, adding that no firearms or telecommunications equipment was found in the raid.

By PHILIP GOLINGAI and SHAUN HO

Published: Tuesday March 12, 2013 MYT 4:32:00 PM
Updated: Tuesday March 12, 2013 MYT 11:08:48 PM

http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/12/nation/20130312163039&sec=nation

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